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He was born on 21 April 1853 at Kalaur, a
village in Patiala district of the Punjab. His ancestral village was
Jhallian, near Chamkaur Sahib, but his father, Divan Singh, had migrated
to his wife's village, Kalaur. Divan Singh, a Ravidasia by caste and
a weaver by trade, was a religious minded person who had earned the
title of Sant for his piety. Himself an admirer of the Gulabdasi sect,
he sent Ditt Singh at the age of nine, to be educated under Sant Gurbakhsh
Singh at Dera Gulabdasian in the village of Tior, near Kharar in Ropar
district. Ditt Singh studied Gurmukhi, prosody, Vedanta and Niti-Sastra
at the Dera, and learnt Urdu from Daya Nand, a resident of Tior.
At the age of 16-17, he shifted to the main
Gulabdasi centre at Chatthianvala, near Kasur, in Lahore district.
Formally initiated into the sect of Sant Desa Singh, he became a
Gulabdasi preacher: Not long afterwards,. he came under the influence
of Bhai Jawahir Singh, formerly a follower of Gulabdasi sect, who
had joined the Arya Samaj. Ditt Singh also became an Arya Samajist.
He was introduced to Swami Daya Nand, the founder of the Arya Samaj,
during the latter's visit to Lahore in 1877.
Soon, however, he and his friend, Jawahir Singh,
were drawn into the Sikh fold through Bhai Gurmukh Singh, then an
active figure in the Singh Sabha movement. In 1886, Bhai Gurmukh
Singh, following the establishment of the Lahore Khalsa Diwan parallel
to the one at Amritsar, floated a weekly newspaper, the Khalsa Akhbar.
Though its first editor was Giani Jhanda Singh Faridkot, the principal
contributor was Giant Ditt Singh, who soon took over editorship
from him. He had passed the Gyani examination the same year and
had been appointed a teacher at the Oriental College.
In his hands the Khalsa Akhbar became an efficient
and powerful vehicle for the spread of Singh Sabha ideology. The
Khalsa Diwan Amritsar led by Baba Khem Singh Bedi and the ruler
of Faridkot, Raja Bikram Singh, had Bhai Gurmukh Singh excommunicated,
under the seal of the Golden Temple, in March 1887.
On 16 April 1887, Giant Ditt Singh issued a
special supplement of his Khalsa Akhbar in which appeared a part
of his Svapan Natak (q.v.), or Dream Play, a thinly-veiled satire,
ridiculing the Amritsar leaders and their supporters.
One of the victims of the burlesque, Bava Ude
Singh, filed a defamation suit against Giani Ditt Singh in a Lahore
court. The latter was sentenced to pay a fine of Rs 5 but was on
appeal acquitted by the sessions court on 30 April 1888. The case
had dragged on for over a year, imposing severe financial hardship
on the Khalsa Akhbar. It had already suffered a setback by the death
in May 1887 of its chief patron, Kanvar Bikrama Singh of Kapurthala.
In 1889, it had to be closed down, along with the Khalsa Press.
Bhai Gurmukh Singh, however, secured, through Bhai Kahn Singh, help
from the Maharaja of Nabha and the Khalsa Akhbar recommenced publication
on 1 May 1893. Editorship was again entrusted to Ditt Singh. Ditt
Singh also helped Bhagat Lakshman Singh to launch from Lahore on
5 January 1899 the Khalsa, a weekly in English.
Giani Ditt Singh and his friend, Jawahir Singh,
had not severed their connection with the Arya Samaj even after
their initiation into the Sikh faith. The final breach came on 25
November 1888 when, in a public meeting held on the eleventh anniversary
of the Lahore Arya Samaj, Pandit Guru Dutt of Government College,
Lahore, and Lala Murli Dhar spoke disparagingly about the Sikh Gurus.
This hurt the feelings of Giani Ditt Singh and Jawahir Singh and
they left the Arya Samaj for good. They joined hands with Bhai Gurmukh
Singh and threw themselves whole-heartedly into the Singh Sabha
work.
Giani Ditt Singh wielded a powerful pen and
was equally at home in prose as well as in verse. He wrote more
than forty books and pamphlets on Sikh theology and history and
on current polemics. Well-known among his works are: Guru Nanak
Prabodh, Guru Arjan Charittar, Dambh Biddran, Durga Prabodh, Panth
Prabodh, Raj Prabodh, Mera ate Sadhu Dayanand da Sambad, Naq1i Sikh
Prabodh and Panth Sudhar Binai Pattar. He also published accounts
of the martyrdoms of Tara Singh of Van, Subeg Singh, Matab Singh
Mirankotia, Tara Singh and Bota Singh.
Ditt Singh's marriage took place in Lahore in
1880 according to Sikh rites. His wife, Bishan Kaur, shared his
religious zeal and the couple had a happy married life. They had
two children, a son, Baldev Singh, born in 1886, and a daughter,
Vidyavant Kaur, born in 1890. Ditt Singh was very fond of his daughter
who was a highly precocious child. Her death on 17 June 1901 was
a great blow to Ditt Singh, who had already been under a strain
owing to persistently heavy work since the death in 1898 of Bhai
Gurmukh Singh. He still continued to work with patience and fortitude,
but his health deteriorated rapidly and he fell seriously ill.
A Muslim doctor, Rahim Khan, treated him, but
it was of no avail. Giani Ditt Singh died at Lahore on 6 September
1901. The loss was mourned widely by the Sikhs. A 15-memher memorial
committee was formed with Bhai Sahib Arjan Singh Bagarian as chairman.
Notable memorials honouring his name were Giani Ditt Singh Khalsa
Boarding House in Lahore and Bhai Ditt Singh Library opened at Sikh
Kanya Mahavidyala Frozpur by Bhai Takht Singh, one of his former
students and a close friend.
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